Addams and Smith travel to Egypt
description: <span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"Addams' travels in Egypt are chronicled in the Atlantic Monthly. The essay serves as the foundation for The Long Road of Women's Memory, a literary work in which Addams reflects on the origins of myth and the female psyche. Addams completes the book during the early part of the First World War. Joslin hypothesizes that the central purposes of the book - Addams' effort \"to define the transmutation of fear into myth\" is perhaps \"her own attempt to deflect public criticism of her pacifism,\" following the negative reaction to her Carnegie Hall speech in July of 1915 (Quoted in Joslin, p. 173). One chapter in the book, titled \"Women's Memories-Challenging War,\" addresses the war and her pacifism in the form of a fictionalized story of the relationship between a mother and her son who is killed in battle during the European war."}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":15359,"3":[null,0],"4":[null,2,16640473],"5":{"1":[{"1":2,"2":0,"5":[null,2,0]},{"1":0,"2":0,"3":3},{"1":1,"2":0,"4":1}]},"6":{"1":[{"1":2,"2":0,"5":[null,2,0]},{"1":0,"2":0,"3":3},{"1":1,"2":0,"4":1}]},"7":{"1":[{"1":2,"2":0,"5":[null,2,0]},{"1":0,"2":0,"3":3},{"1":1,"2":0,"4":1}]},"8":{"1":[{"1":2,"2":0,"5":[null,2,0]},{"1":0,"2":0,"3":3},{"1":1,"2":0,"4":1}]},"9":0,"10":0,"11":4,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Times New Roman","16":12}">Addams' travels in Egypt are chronicled in the Atlantic Monthly. The essay serves as the foundation for The Long Road of Women's Memory, a literary work in which Addams reflects on the origins of myth and the female psyche. Addams completes the book during the early part of the First World War. Joslin hypothesizes that the central purposes of the book - Addams' effort "to define the transmutation of fear into myth" is perhaps "her own attempt to deflect public criticism of her pacifism," following the negative reaction to her Carnegie Hall speech in July of 1915 (Quoted in Joslin, p. 173). One chapter in the book, titled "Women's Memories-Ch…
source: Addams, Jane. "The Unexpected Reactions of a Traveler in Europe." The Atlantic Monthly CXIII (1914): 178-85. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 31 May 2017.
date: 1913-03-01

Addams attends First International Congress of Women
description: As president of the Woman’s Peace Party, Addams leads the American delegation to the First International Congress of Women, in The Hague, Netherlands. Addams presides at the conference's opening session. Over the next several days, the delegates give speeches and debate planks of a platform, the most important of which are (1) the continuous mediation among the belligerents in the form of a conference of neutrals and (2) universal women's suffrage. In addition, the delegates pass a variety of resolutions similar to those adopted earlier by the Women's Peace Party. Addams is elected president of the newly-formed International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace (ICWPP). The Congress further agrees to send two delegations to various European capitals for the purpose of meeting with heads of state and government, foreign ministers, and civilian peace activists to promote the idea of possibly ending the war through the continuous mediation of neutral countries. Addams and Dr. Aletta Jacobs, of the Netherlands, travel together across the continent, visiting the capitals of belligerent countries (Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and several neutral countries (the Netherlands, Switzerland, and The Vatican). Meanwhile, a second delegation travels to Russia and the Scandinavian countries.
source: Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Addams, Jane. "Peace and the Press." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 55-56. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Addams, Jane. "Women and Internationalism." Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "Women in Earnest Says Jane Addams." The New York Times: 29 Apr. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,914: 2. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 31 May 2017. Addams, Jane. “Women War and Suffrage.” The Survey XXXV.6 (1915): 148. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 1 June 2017 “Calls Women to Peace Session at The Hague.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 6 Mar. 1915: 1. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. 12 June 2017. “Miss Addams to Give Peace Plan.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 13 Oct. 1915: 4. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 12 June 2017. “Resolutions Adopted by The International Congress of Women.” The Survey XXIV.10 (1915): 218. Archive.org. Web. 31 May 2017. “Women as ‘Activists’: The Hague Committee.” The Survey XXXV.16 (1916): 443-4. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 1 June 2017. "Women Off for Peace Meeting at The Hague." Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 14 Apr. 1915: 4. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 12 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017. “Women Urge Ban on Secret Treaties.” The New York Times 30 Apr. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,915: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-04-28

Addams attends the annual conference of the Women's Peace Party
description: Constructive peace built for the purpose of embracing the world is the ultimate goal of the Women's Peace Party. By January 1916, some 20,000 people have joined the party. The annual conference attracts a crowd of 2,500 and raises $10,000. A program is adopted with seven resolutions proposing the creation of a joint congressional committee to investigate United States military defenses and another peace conference at The Hague. The program urges for economic pressure to substitute for militarism. Military preparedness and the private manufacture of munitions are denounced. Addams is re-elected as party chairman.
source: “National Woman’s Peace Party.” The Survey XXXV.17 (1916): 492. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 1 June 2017.
date: 1916-01-01

Addams attends women's congress
description: Addams attends the Seventh Congress of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. The Women's Congress opens on the fifteenth of June at the Academy of Music in Budapest, Hungary, with addresses from the Minister of Education and the Countess Iska Teleki, to name a few. Some 2,000 women attend the conference, with 300 being from Budapest alone. There are representatives from five continents and twenty-five nations. The conference starts with a presidential address from Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, who praises the advancement of women's movements around the world. Addams receives news that women in the state of Illinois are granted the right to vote. She arrives at the convention after visiting Egypt, Palestine, and Italy. Delegates from China, India, Persia, and Iceland attend. The Men's International League for Women's Suffrage meets at the same time.
source: "Praise for Italy From Jane Addams." The New York Times: 3 Jul. 1913, vol. LXII no. 20,249: 8. New York Times. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 7 June 2017. "Suffrage Congress Meets in Budapest." The New York Times: 16 Jun. 1913, vol. LXII no. 20,232: 12. New York Times. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 7 June 2017. "Women Suffragists Head for Budapest." The New York Times 11 May. 1913, vol. LXII no. 20,196: 12. New York Times. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 7 June 2017.
date: 1913-06-15

Addams departs Europe on the Old St. Louis for the United States
description: Addams leaves Europe and returns to the United States. Her highly-publicized activities in Europe over the past several months - specifically chairing the Women's Peace Summit and meeting with various foreign dignitaries, including presidents, prime ministers, and foreign ministers - have won her widespread praise in the American peace movement.
source: Addams, Jane. “Women War and Suffrage.” The Survey XXXV.6 (1915): 148. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 1 June 2017. “Jane Addams back from her peace tour.” The Survey XXXIV.15 (1915): 327. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. "Jane Addams, back from the war capitals, reports." The Survey XXXIV.16 (1915): 347. Archive.org. Web. 31 May 2017. “Jane Addams Comes Home.” The New York Times: 6 Jul. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,982: 8. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 5 June 2017. “Miss Addams Finds War Idea Supreme.” The New York Times: 24 Jun. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,970: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 10 June 2017. P. U. K. "The Welcoming of Jane Addams." The Survey XXXIV.16 (1915): 353-54. Archive.org. Web. 31 May 2017.
date: 1915-06-26

Addams elected president of the Chicago Emergency Federation (CEF).
description: The platform of the Chicago Emergency Federation (CEF) includes various peace proposals, including a league of nations, international arbitration treaties, arms control, international courts, democratic control of foreign policies, an end to secret treaties, a conference of neutral nations, and an unoffical conference of experts in international law to mediate among the warring nations and help set forth an armistice.
source: “For a Peace Conference of Neutral Nations.” The Survey XXXIII.15 (1915): 597-8. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 23 June 2017. “National Efforts Crystalizing for Peace.” The Survey XXXIII.15 (1915): 393-4. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 23 June 2017.
date: 1914-12-01

Addams endorses Theodore Roosevelt for President
subject: Addams, Jane
description: Now a national figure in her own right, Addams seconds the nomination of Theodore Roosevelt for president at the 1912 Bull Moose (Progressive) Party convention in Chicago. Roosevelt bolts from the Republican Party's nominating convention, also in Chicago, when the nomination goes to the incumbent William Howard Taft. Addams subsequently undertakes a national tour on Roosevelt's behalf. Some colleagues of Addams are perplexed by her endorsement. Charles Beals, secretary of the Chicago Peace Society, who had long condemned Roosevelt for his militarism and imperialism, expresses "bewilder[ment] that the Big Sister has swallowed Bull-Moosism or been swallowed by it, I don't know quite which" (Quoted in Davis, p. 194). Erving Winslow, another leader of the Chicago-based peace movement, reminds Addams that Roosevelt supports a larger military and the occupation of the Philippines, which Addams herself strongly opposes.
source: Addams, Jane. “My Experiences as a Progressive Delegate.” McClure’s Magazine XL.1 (1912): 12-14. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 2 June 2017. Addams, Jane. “New Party.” American Magazine LXXV.1 (1912): 12-14. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 2 June 2017. "Bull Moosers Seize Triangular Debate." The New York Times: 13 Oct. 1912, vol. LXII no. 19,986: 9. New York Times. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 7 June 2017. "Convention Seats in Demand." The New York Times: 30 Jul. 1912, vol. LXI no. 19,911: 5. New York Times. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 7 June 2017. “Miss Addams at Meeting Today.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 17 Oct. 1912: 5. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. 12 June 2017. "Roosevelt to Miss Addams." The New York Times: 10 Aug. 1912, vol. LXI no. 19,922: 2. New York Times. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 7 June 2017. "Roosevelt Sole Convention Star." The New York Times: 7 Aug. 1912, vol. LXI no. 19,919: 1, 2. New York Times. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 7 June 2017. "Three Candidates for Second Place." The New York Times: 7 Aug. 1912, vol. LXI no. 19,919: 3. New York Times. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 7 June 2017. “Uproar Stirred by Jane Addams.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 8 Aug. 1912: 2. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. 12 June 2017.
date: 1912-08-06

Addams formally endorses Wilson for president
description: Upon her return to Chicago from convalescence in Colorado and California, Addams is contacted by President Wilson, former President Theodore Roosevelt, and a representative of Charles Evans Hughes, all of whom are seeking her endorsement for their presidential bids. Addams later declares her support for Wilson, arguing that he is most likely to keep the United States out of the war and that he has a strong record of support for progressive, domestic policies, including his recent support for a national child labor bill. She writes, "The present administration comes before the country with a social program that carries assurances because of a record of pledges fulfilled and a series of legislative achievements not equaled by any other administration..." (Quoted in Linn, 319-320).
source: “Jane Addams for Wilson, She Says on Return.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 14 Oct. 1916: 5. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 15 June 2017. “Jane Addams for Wilson.” The New York Times: 15 Oct. 1916, vol. LXVI no. 21,449: 12. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 15 June 2017. “Women Go Wild Over ‘Kept Us Out of War’ Cry.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 20 Oct. 1916: 2. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 15 June 2017.
date: 1916-10-15

Addams gives a major speech on her peace efforts in Europe
description: Addams returns to the United States from Europe. Upon her arrival in New York City, she gives a speech about her experiences before an audience of thousands in Carnegie Hall. She makes several main points. First, in all the war capitals she visited, Addams says public officials spoke of the righteousness of their cause. Second, Addams underscores the desire of most statesmen for a negotiated solution to the war and their determination not to be the ones to call for it, fearing that their enemies might question their resolve and seek to exploit their "weaknesses" at the negotiating table. Third, each of the warring countries is divided into two camps. The "military party," which include nationalists and militarists, wants a military solution to the conflict. Though patriotic, the "civil party" fears that the longer the war continues, the greater the harm that will be done to society and the liberty of the people. Addams rails against the pervasiveness of militaristic ideas and allies the American peace movement with the civil parties throughout Europe.
source: “3,000 Hail Jane Addams.” The New York Times: 3 Jul. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,999: 9. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 23 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Revolt Against War." The Survey XXXIV.16 (1915): 355-59. Archive.org. Web. 31 May 2017. “Cheers Greet Peace Message of Jane Addams.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 23 Jul. 1915: 3. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 23 June 2017. Harding Davis, Richard. "An Insult to War." The New York Times: 13 Jul. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,989: 10. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 31 May 2017. “Jane Addams Wins Cheers of Thousands.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 10 Jul. 1915: 1. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 12 June 2017. "Miss Addams Tells of Quest for Peace." The New York Times: 10 Jul. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,986: 3. New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 31 May 2017. P. U. K. "The Welcoming of Jane Addams." The Survey XXXIV.16 (1915): 353-54. Archive.org. Web. 31 May 2017.
date: 1915-07-09

Addams is criticized for withdrawing from leading the war opposition following the armistice
description: In the weeks that follow, Addams is criticized by some women peace activists in Europe for her having withdrawn, in 1915, from her leadership role in opposing the war. She also comes under attack from opponents of the peace movement. Among them is New York State Senator Archibald E. Stevenson, who includes her in a published list of European radicals.
source: “Armistice Signed, End of the War! Berlin Seized by Revolutionists; New Chancellor Begs for Order; Ousted Kaiser Flees to Holland.” The New York Times: 11 Nov. 1918, vol. LXVIII no. 22,206: 1. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 12 June 2017. “German Woman Ask Food Help.” The New York Times: 15 Nov. 1918, vol. LXVIII no. 22,210: 1. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 15 June 2017. “War Ends at 6 O’clock This Morning.” The New York Times: 11 Nov. 1918, vol. LXVIII no. 22,206: 1, 2. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 12 June 2017.
date: 1918-11-11

Addams is elected president of the Women's Peace Party
description: The Women's Peace Party (WPP) passes a platform at the Willard Hotel, in Washington, D.C. The program they adopt has eleven resolutions similar to those of the CEF, but the WPP goes a step further and calls on the world's citizens to take war mediation "into their own hands" (Knight 195-197). The preamble specifically endorses a role for women in international politics and promoting world peace. Addams asserts that no country ought to go to war other than for the defense of the homeland. The platform addresses international arbitration, a point which Addams firmly supports. The party's goal is to prevent future wars. Over 2,500 people attend the meeting. Addams is elected president and urges for action on women's suffrage.
source: “Jane Addams Asks Country to Adopt a New Patriotism.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 1. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. 12 June 2017. “Sees end of Wars Under Referendum.” The New York Times: 6 Mar. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,860: 10. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-01-10

Addams joins worshippers petitioning for peace
description: In response to a proclamation by President Wilson, churches across the nation hold services to pray for peace. At a meeting hall in Chicago, Addams, along with the governor of Illinois and religious leaders, petition for peace. Police reserves are called out for overflows as the services attract twice as many worshippers as usual.
source: “Chicago Churches Thronged.” The New York Times: 5 Oct. 1914, vol. LXIV no. 20,708: 1. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1914-10-04

Addams meets Austrian prime minister and foreign minister
description: Addams and Jacobs meet with Prime Minister Carl Stürgkh and Foreign Minister Stephan Burian. The prime minister dismisses Addam's self-deprecating comment about his meeting with a group of women to discuss their plan for a mediated end to the war. Addams recalls her words to the prime minister: "Perhaps it seems to you very foolish that women should go about this way; but after all, the world itself is so strange in this war situation that our mission may be no more strange nor foolish than the rest." The prime minister responds: "Foolish? Not at all. These are the first sensible words that have been uttered in this room for ten months." (Quoted in Addams, "Factors in Continuing the War," 96).
source: Addams, Jane. “Factors in Continuing the War.” Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Hamilton, Alice. “At the War Capitals.” The Survey XXXIV.19 (1915): 417-22. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. “Miss Addams Finds War Idea Supreme.” The New York Times: 24 Jun. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,970: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 10 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-05-26

Addams meets British prime minister and foreign secretary
description: Addams and Jacobs have separate meetings with British Prime Minister Herbert Asquith and Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey. Asquith and Lord Grey reject the proposal for mediation, telling the delegates that the war must continue.
source: Addams, Jane. “Factors in Continuing the War.” Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Hamilton, Alice. “At the War Capitals.” The Survey XXXIV.19 (1915): 417-22. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. “Jane Addams and Others Quit England for Holland.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 18 May 1915: 4. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. 12 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-05-09

Addams meets Dutch statesmen
description: Addams and Jacobs meet with Prime Minister Cort van der Linden and Foreign Minister Loudon. Of the meeting with the Dutch officials, Addams writes in a letter to Mary Rozet Smith: "I have not lost my head. There is just one chance in 10 thousand…. You can never understand unless you were here, how you would be willing to do anything" (Quoted in Levine 207).
source: Addams, Jane. “Factors in Continuing the War.” Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Hamilton, Alice. “At the War Capitals.” The Survey XXXIV.19 (1915): 417-22. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-05-01

Addams meets Swiss officials
description: In Bern, Switzerland, Addams and Jakobs meet with President Motta and Foreign Minister Hoffman. Motta tells Addams that now is not the time for neutral nations to meet and discuss a quick resolution to the war. He reassures her that Switzerland is ready to partake in peace discussions when the right time presents itself.
source: Addams, Jane. “Factors in Continuing the War.” Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Hamilton, Alice. “At the War Capitals.” The Survey XXXIV.19 (1915): 417-22. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. “Miss Addams Finds War Idea Supreme.” The New York Times: 24 Jun. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,970: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 10 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-06-02

Addams meets with Hungarian prime minister
description: In Budapest, Addams holds a meeting with Hungarian Prime Minister Istvan Tisza. Addams also gives a public lecture.
source: Addams, Jane. “Factors in Continuing the War.” Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Hamilton, Alice. “At the War Capitals.” The Survey XXXIV.19 (1915): 417-22. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. “Miss Addams Finds War Idea Supreme.” The New York Times: 24 Jun. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,970: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 10 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-05-30

Addams meets with leaders of the Belgian government-in-exile
description: Addams meets with Foreign Minister d'Avignon. He takes the delegation's mission seriously. Even though he expresses great feelings for peace, the minister tells the women that Belgium is in the hands of her allies and peace negotiations are up to them. Leaders of Belgium are staying in hotels and villas in Harve, France due to their country being occupied by the Germans since August of 1914.
source: Addams, Jane. “Factors in Continuing the War.” Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Hamilton, Alice. “At the War Capitals.” The Survey XXXIV.19 (1915): 417-22. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. “Miss Addams Finds War Idea Supreme.” The New York Times: 24 Jun. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,970: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 10 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-06-16

Addams meets with the French prime minister and foreign minister
description: Foreign Minister Theophile Delcasse and Prime Minister Rene Viviani meet with the Addams and Jacobs. Addams and Jacobs find France bitter and immovable, and they dread their meetings with French women suffragettes. French pacifists are deeply disillusioned. The minister of foreign affairs, ever the militarist, is the least approachable of all, echoing the sentiments of many French who see Germany as the clear aggressor. The only policy for the French is the continuation of the war and victory over Germany.
source: Addams, Jane. “Factors in Continuing the War.” Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Hamilton, Alice. “At the War Capitals.” The Survey XXXIV.19 (1915): 417-22. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. “Miss Addams Finds War Idea Supreme.” The New York Times: 24 Jun. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,970: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 10 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-06-12

Addams meets with the Italian prime minister, foreign minister, and the pope
description: When the women arrive in Rome, Italy, a very patriotic picture greets them, because Italy has only days earlier declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany. Much like the previous meetings, in Rome Addams and Jacobs present the Hague conference resolutions, including the idea for a conference of neutrals, to Prime Minister Salandra and Foreign Minister Sonino, who reject them. They are able to secure an audience with the pope where they then discuss peace options and mediation for half an hour. The pope suggests that the United States must take a prominent roll in the mediation efforts.
source: Addams, Jane. “Factors in Continuing the War.” Women at The Hague. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915. 124-41. Google Play Books. Web. 7 June 2017. Addams, Jane. "The Food of War." The Independent LXXXIV (1915): 430-31. Google Play Books. Web. 31 May 2017. Hamilton, Alice. “At the War Capitals.” The Survey XXXIV.19 (1915): 417-22. Archive.org. Web. 1 June 2017. “Miss Addams Finds War Idea Supreme.” The New York Times: 24 Jun. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,970: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 10 June 2017. “Women Envoys Urge Neutrals to Meet.” The New York Times 16 Oct. 1915, vol. LXV no. 21,084: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-06-04

Addams opposes laws on conscription and limiting civil liberties
description: Congress adopts the Conscription Act and the Espionage Act. During hearings for both the conscription legislation, Addams and others ask, without success, for Congress to add an exemption for draft-age men who have ethical or broadly religious objections to military service (those belonging to certain specific sects are already exempted). During hearings for the espionage legislation, Addams and others ask Congress to clarify that citizens may promote alternatives to war and oppose the draft without being in violation of the Espionage Act, but, again, they are unsuccessful. Addams and other sign a telegram to Wilson, opposing the Overman Bill limiting civil liberties, asserting that it "threatens the liberty of speech and activity of the citizens of the United States and is dangerous to Democratic institutions." (Quoted in Joslin, 186. See footnote 92.)
source: “Statement of Miss Jane Addams.” Espionage and Interference with Neutrality. Hearing Before the House Committee on the Judiciary, Sixty-Fifth Congress, First Session on H.R. 291, 9-12 Apr. 1917. Washington Government Publishing Office 1917, 50-52. Archive.org. Web. 14 June 2017.
date: 1917-04-14

Addams opposes military preparedness, testifies before House Military Affairs Committee
description: In testimony before the United States House of Representative's Military Affairs Committee, Addams opposes steps toward military preparedness, especially an immediate increase in military spending, arguing that the United States does not face an imminent threat. She proposes instead that a decision be postponed until after the war. She also advocates for a national commission to study a possible increase in military spending. Meanwhile, President Wilson makes a nine-day lecture tour to promote the benefits of military preparedness.
source: “Jane Addams Wants no Army Increase.” The New York Times: 14 Jan. 1916, vol. LXV no. 21,174: 5. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017. “Statement of Miss Jane Addams.” To Increase the Efficiency of the Military Establishment of the United States. Hearing Before the House Committee on Military Affairs, Sixty-Fourth Congress, First Session on the Bill to Increase the Efficiency of the Military Establishment of the United States, 13 Jan 1916. Washington Government Publishing Office 1917, 3-15. Google Play Books. Web. 14 June 2017.
date: 1916-01-13

Addams presides over the second annual meeting of the Woman's Peace Party
description: The party meets to discuss a wide variety of subjects including actions neutral nations can take to shorten the war, military training, and foreign investments. The business sessions discuss the creation of a joint committee to study relations between the US and Asia as well as possibly convening a third peace conference at The Hague. At the conference, the party adamantly opposes military training. One of the key goals of the conference is to discuss the rights reserved for oppressed and dependent nations. In her address to the conference, Addams objects to the fact that those who stand for peace are perceived by their fellow countrymen as unpatriotic.
source: “Many Reformers are Urged by Woman’s Peace Party. Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 9 Dec. 1916: 3. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 12 June 2017. “Military Training Opposed by Woman’s Peace Party.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 10 Dec. 1916: 9. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 15 June 2017. “Women to Discuss Peace.” The New York Times: 27 Nov. 1916, vol. LXVI no. 21,492: 3. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1916-12-08

Addams pronounces her opposition to the war, suffers public condemnation and self-doubt
description: Addams delivers a speech, “Pacifism and Patriotism in Time of War," in May, in Chicago, before the Chicago City Club, and again in Evanston (on June 10), at the First Congregational Church (1445 Hinman Avenue). She receives fierce criticism in the press and in letters and is called a traitor to her country. Hull House loses major donors. "Any spoken or written word," wrote a businessman in a letter to a Chicago newspaper, "that lessens the strength of the arm of the Government is a disloyal act" (Quoted in Levin, 221). The negative response to Addams opposition to the war - and especially the United States blockading the delivery of food to the people of belligerent nations - amounted to a repudiation of Addams' pacifism and the progressive causes she held dear. Public criticism of her, as well as the knowledge that she was under surveillance by the Department of Justice, compels Addams to recalibrate her peace advocacy. "I am obliged to walk very softly in regard to all things suspect," she writes a colleague (Quoted in Davis, 247).
source: Addams, Jane. “Patriotism and Pacifists in War Time.” The City Club Bulletin X.9 (1917): 184-90. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 14 June 2017.
date: 1917-05-01

Addams publishes "Peace on Earth"
description: <span data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"In the essay \"Peace on Earth,\" published in the Christmas edition of The Ladies' Home Journal, Addams writes about international arbitration and a world court as well as the monetary costs for the up-keep of armaments. Addams also addresses social and political reforms as well as the development of a new internationalism. In the following years, specifically after the outbreak of World War I, Addams will further develop these ideas in others essays, in several speeches, and in her international travels to conferences and governments to discuss these ideas."}" data-sheets-userformat="{"2":15359,"3":[null,0],"4":[null,2,4884200],"5":{"1":[{"1":2,"2":0,"5":[null,2,0]},{"1":0,"2":0,"3":3},{"1":1,"2":0,"4":1}]},"6":{"1":[{"1":2,"2":0,"5":[null,2,0]},{"1":0,"2":0,"3":3},{"1":1,"2":0,"4":1}]},"7":{"1":[{"1":2,"2":0,"5":[null,2,0]},{"1":0,"2":0,"3":3},{"1":1,"2":0,"4":1}]},"8":{"1":[{"1":2,"2":0,"5":[null,2,0]},{"1":0,"2":0,"3":3},{"1":1,"2":0,"4":1}]},"9":0,"10":0,"11":4,"12":0,"14":[null,2,0],"15":"Times New Roman","16":12}">In the essay "Peace on Earth," published in the Christmas edition of The Ladies' Home Journal, Addams writes about international arbitration and a world court as well as the monetary costs for the up-keep of armaments. Addams also addresses social and political reforms as well as the development of a new internationalism. In the following years, specifically after the outbreak of World War I, Addams will further develop these ideas in others essays, in several speeches, and in her international travels to conferences and governments to discuss these ideas.
source: Addams, Jane. “Peace on Earth.” Ladies’ Home Journal for Christmas 1913: 27. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 3 June 2017.
date: 1913-12-25

Addams reacts to the outbreak of the war
description: Addams despairs upon hearing the news that Europe is at war. She spots a German ocean liner anchored in Frenchman's Bay, Maine, not far from her summer cottage. She believes that the war will turn back the clock on social progress and take a toll on social services. Even so, she constantly remains confident that people of varying ethnicities and backgrounds can work together in harmony, often citing her work at Chicago's Hull House as a paramount example. This idea of internationalism and working together for peace follows her through the war and after.
source: Addams, Jane. “Passing of the War Virtues.” The Craftsman XXVII.1 (1914): 79-80. Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 3 June 2017. “Moral Reaction of War Pointed.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 1 Oct. 1914: 1. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 12 June 2017.
date: 1914-08-04
coverage: Frenchman's Bay, Maine

Addams signs on as spokesperson and fund-raiser for the United States Food Administration
description: The United States Food Administration is established in August of 1917 for the purpose of relieving starvation in war-torn Europe. President Wilson appoints Herbert Hoover, the former head of the Belgian Relief Organization, to run the effort. (In 1914, Hoover, an American living at the time in England, founded the Belgian Relief Organization as a neutral body for the purpose of purchasing and distributing food to the people of German-occupied Belgium.) Hoover recruits Addams as a spokesperson and fundraiser for the Food Administration office. Dispirited by the negative public response to her opposition to the war, Addams throws herself into this new task and finds a reason to draw a connection between it and her quest for lasting peace, economic interdependence, and morality. She writes in Peace and Bread in Time of War: "I believe that a generous response to the world situation might afford an opportunity to lay over again the foundations for a wider international morality...a new powerful force might be loosened in the world when the motive for producing and shipping food on the part of the great nations was no longer a commercial one but had for the moment shifted to a desire to feed the hungry" (82-83). Addams undertakes a national speaking tour on behalf of the United States Food Administration.
source: “The Food Administration Bill.” The New York Times: 4 June 1917, vol. LXVI no. 21,681: 10. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 10 June 2017.
date: 1917-11-02

Addams speaks at international law conference
description: At St. Paul's Chapel at Columbia University, Addams addresses the importance of a strong association labor organizations to the creation of a new international order. In the speech, one in a series she will make against militarism, Addams tells stories about the war on the Western Front. These stories tell of the brutal reality men in the trenches face and how civility, mercy, and compassion are found and shared between "enemies." She says people have been instilled with a false sense of patriotism.
source: “Sees end of War in Brotherhood.” The New York Times: 12 Mar. 1915, vol. LXIV no. 20,866: 7. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1915-03-11

Addams speaks at national suffrage convention
description: Addams speaks at a national suffrage convention at the Columbia Theatre in Washington. The women urge President Wilson to endorse women's suffrage. The New York Times reports that nearly one thousand women representing every state, Hawaii, and Alaska attend. The National American Women's Suffrage Association's forty-fifth annual convention opens at the New Masonic Temple with a welcoming address from Oliver P. Newman. Other speakers at the convention include Jane Addams. Officers of the association are to have a meeting before the House Committee on Rules to ask for the creation of a Suffrage Committee on the first of December.
source: “Women at Capital Hold Mass Meeting.” The New York Times: 1 Dec. 1913, vol. LXIII no. 20,400: 2. The New York Times Company. NYTimes Search. Web. 8 June 2017.
date: 1913-11-30

Addams speaks at peace conference
description: Addams speaks at a peace conference at the Hotel La Salle in Chicago. The international conference is free and open to the public. The purpose of the meeting is to adopt a plan for an early end of the war and find ways to promote it.
source: “Notables Due at Peace Rally.” Chicago Daily Tribune (1872-1922): 22 Feb. 1915: 3. Tribune Publishing Company. ProQuest. Web. 12 June 2017.
date: 1915-02-27